Artist of the week: Oscar Rabin
Until September 8, the exhibition "Oscar Rabin. Graphics 1950-60-х" Multimedia Art Museum celebrates 85-летие the artist, "the most programme and conceptual of all the masters of the underground 60-х years"
by 8 September the exhibition "Oscar Rabin. Graphics 1950-60-х" Multimedia Art Museum celebrates 85-летие artist "the most programme and conceptual of all the masters of the underground 1960-х years" (V. Nemukhin), leader of the "Lianozovsky group".
In his autobiographical book, "Three lives" (1986) Oscar Rabin conventionally, divides his life into three major phases: from birth until 1953, 1953-го 1978-й when he lost his Soviet citizenship and from 1978-го present — overseas (Paris) stage in the life of the artist. Follow the same and we example.
Oscar Yakovlevich Rabin was born in Moscow on January 2, 1928, in a family of doctors. It is known that the artist's father, Jacob Rabin was born in Ukraine and her mother — Veronica Leontine Anderman — Latvian, were both students at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, and met. Family life the pair were already staged in Moscow. However, the young family life is not spoiled: the artist's memoirs, they lived rather poorly. And then it got worse: in 1931 his father died of an Oscar, and in the spring of 1942-го did not and mother.
in the Autumn of 1943 Oskar, a lot of drawing, mostly colored pencils and started to get involved in the local House of pioneers, where his teacher was Evgeny Leonidovich Kropivnitskogo. Looking ahead, I want to say that he Kropivnitsky, his work, his family has influenced the entire life of Rabin.
In 1944-м, sixteen-year-old teenager, Rabin went from Moscow to Riga, to the aunt; in the same year he entered the Riga Academy of arts, he studied there till 1947-го, and in 1948-м, already in Moscow, Sergei Gerasimov took him directly into the second year of the Surikov Institute. However, there is a Rabin stayed very long — a few months, and in 1949-м he was forced to leave the Institute. In Moscow, the young artist had nowhere to live, and not on that, so he took a job as a foreman for unloading wagons in the suburban dolgoprudnom (as it turned out, almost 10 years). However, the art in the life of Rabin is not gone, the painting continued, but became informal. In the late 1940-х the artist became very close with the family Kropiwnicki: he-настоящему became a disciple of Yevgeny Kropivnitsky (and those subsequently called themselves not all participants in the "Lianozovsky group"), were engaged in his workshop, often at his house — in the barracks in the same Dolgoprudny, after some time, married the daughter Kropiwnicki Valentina.
After the wedding, in 1950, Rabin wife and I were allocated a room in the barracks at Lianozovo, which in the future became the center of the "Lianozovsky group".
"In early March 1953-го said that Stalin was seriously ill... the next day I was on duty and heard on the radio about the death of Stalin... Gradually began to feel the change..." (Rabin). thus began the "secondlife" of the artist.
the Beginning or even the middle 1950-х years — formative time for Rabin-художника. The father (Oscar and Valentina by this time I had two children — son of Alexander and Valentina's daughter from his first marriage Kate), barely surviving until your next payday, the artist in this period increasingly immersed in the "proletarian" world of hard workers, ex-convicts (in large numbers who worked on the railroad), the crumbling houses, crooked streets. "I painted everything that surrounded me. Dim bulb above the sheds, the sagging wires on the rickety beams, stray dogs..." the Artist departs from realism — Rabin fascinated by the process of forming shapes, ideas pop-арта he, however, brings national (close to the understanding in Russia) features. If American pop-арту source images served as objects of mass culture the world of consumption in Soviet reality Rabin was your stereotypical characters — bottle of vodka, a herring on a plate, crumpled newspaper.
OSCAR RABIN a Bouquet of flowers, 1958
Paper, tempera. 53 x 40.5
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 620 000-750 000
Gelos. 2.12.2011. Lot 280
Source: gelos.ru
OSCAR RABIN the City and the moon (Socialist city). 1959
oil on Canvas. 90 x 109
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 120 000-160 000 USD
Price: 337 000 dollars
Sothebys New York 15.4.2008 Lot 199
Source: os.colta.ru
the reality Rabin perceives as the raw material from which he creates his complicated structure and texture work. It is important the surface of the painting — he is experimenting with material: mixes paint sifted the sand paste on canvas gold foil, uses wax, dry white.
elaborate the individual details of his paintings (made itself felt academic training of the Riga Academy and the Surikov Institute) often coexist with "Nerevarine" text — labels, headlines, signs, and other symbols of the era. And the color palette of the artist at first glance as bleak and hopeless, as are the characters, but the almost monochrome gray-коричневость deceptive: in the colors of Rabin's main role implicitly given to the shades. He almost vyleplivaet them the scope and space of his paintings in such a way that it is written literally starting to glow iridescent-перламутровым, mercury light. These shades are so thin that they are almost impossible to reproduce in the best reproductions, or on the monitors. The art of Rabin — is one of those rare phenomena which to understand it fully, you have to see live, with my own eyes.
Approximately in 1956, in the artist's life, much has changed: he decided to leave work on the railway and focus on their creativity. At the same time in Ramenskom the barracks began to gather followers — poets, writers, painters: Genrikh Sapgir, Vsevolod Nekrasov, Jan (Jacob) Shatunovskii and "Vladimir Nemukhin, Lydia Masterkova, -родственному — Lev Kropiwnicki, Kohl Vechtomov, next — Oleg Tselkov, Volodya Weisberg, Dima Plavinsky and many, many — over time" (G. Sapgir). "We gathered in a small room of Oscar Rabin, showed their work, discussed them, skied, drank" (V. Nemukhin). As a result, the Rabin building has become the center of a new literary-художественного movement, known in history as the "Lianozovsky group". Rabin can hardly be called a leader of the movement; the mastermind, according to many members of the Lianozovo group, was still onward, and Rabin was more organized this complex community of people into a single ideological whole.
For several years in his Studio in Lianozovo have visited almost all Moscow intelligentsia, there were many foreigners (who basically bought the work of lianozovtsev), journalists, with many of Rabin was friends. In particular, markers Rabin brought by journalist Victor Louis. In the early 1960-х the Union simply was not. New tool significantly influenced drawing technique of the artist: beginning in 1963, he made many drawings with a Sharpie. Louis introduced Rabin to British art-дилером Eric Estorick. Introduction it has become significant for the promotion of the art of Rabin abroad: Estorick, impressed by his work, for several years, with the assistance of Louie, bought from the artist than a dozen paintings.
OSCAR RABIN Russian pop-арт No. 3. 1964
oil on Canvas. 109 x 78
a Collection of Igor Tsukanova
Source: tsukanovartcollection.com
OSCAR RABIN Two of the samovar. 1964
oil on Canvas. 100 x 80
evaluation of the auction (estimate): € 18 000-20 000
Price: 75 000 Euro,
Cannes Enchères. 16.04.2001. Lot 10
Source: auction.fr
In 1964 Rabin and his family moved to Moscow, to Preobrazhenka. And of course, his apartment on the Big Cherkizovsky street became the new meeting place for lianozovtsev.
And in 1965 took place in London the first solo exhibition. Less than a month — from 10 June to 3 July — at the Grosvenor Gallery was showing 70 paintings. "This is a great talent in which the artist's skill combines rare spiritual qualities and the ability to think, and that is especially rare to find in the twentieth century, wit" (Terence Mullaly critic for The Daily Telegraph).
the New, unrealistic, the way Rabin did not immediately, but pretty soon he attracted attention person. In 1957, his "lilies" was awarded the silver medal of the exhibition of the Moscow festival of youth and students. But since 1958, the press began to attack lianozovtsev in General and creativity in particular Rabin, 1960-м the newspaper "Moskovsky Komsomolets" called the artist group "the priests midden number 8" (named after one of the works of Rabin — "Dustbin No. 8", 1958). And an artist's success abroad, it seems only aggravated and without that uneasy attitude from the authorities — on 14 June 1966 in the magazine "Soviet culture" published an article by V. Olshevsky "Dear price lentil soup," in which the art of Rabin derided, but the artist himself was called a pawn in the political game of the capitalists.
to Scold scolded, but the "Lianozovsky group" continued to exhibit. Over time it came to administrative measures — for example, in 1967, the famous exhibition in the club "Druzhba" road Enthusiasts, "fully and clearly represented the work of "Lianozovsky group"" (V. Nemukhin), worked for a couple of hours, but had a serious public resonance. Since 1967 the second Russian avant-garde began to write in the Western press; paintings-лианозовцев, including Rabin, began to appear in galleries and museums of European countries.
In September 1974, Oscar Rabin sent a letter to the city Council, signed by many artists-лианозовцами. "We reported, — told Rabin, — that are going to make a "show of paintings" at the Moscow wasteland (Belyaevo) September 15, 1974, from twelve to two o'clock... Stretched endless meetings. We put forward the objections of a legal nature, which we easily dismissed: in the USSR there was no art exhibitions in the open air, and in this respect there were no laws... Technically prohibit the exhibition decided not to". However, since the morning on the 15th which was assigned to the exhibition, a vacant lot was surrounded by police officers and firefighters. When coming artists tried to deploy his paintings in the course went watering machine, construction equipment. In fact, the exhibition was broken up before it started. During the crackdown were destroyed or severely damaged "Double portrait" V. Komar and A. Melamid, Zharkikh, E. Rukhin, and L. Masterkova, Oscar Rabin. Detained many, but judged the Rabin, his son Alexander, E. Rukhin, V. Sychev and . Wales. Today this event is known worldwide as the "bulldozer exhibition".
OSCAR RABIN violin at the cemetery. 1969
oil on Canvas. 80 x 101
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 100 000-200 000 lbs
Price: 140 391 lb
MacDougall's. 27.11.2006. Lot 98
Source: macdougallauction.com
OSCAR RABIN is not True. 1975
oil on Canvas. 89 x 109
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 40 000-60 000 pounds
Price: 102 500 pounds
Sothebys London 12.3.2008 Lot 25
Source: tsukanovartcollection.com
Once begun, the pressure on artists from the representatives of official art and the authorities not only did not weaken, but, on the contrary, continued to increase. "In January 77-го I was detained and put under house arrest. ...And home to me all the time was “well-wishers”: “Is it possible? You need to emigrate..."" (Rabin).
In January 1978, Rabin, together with his wife Valentina Kropiwnicki and son Sasha (artist Alexander Rabin), with the obvious assistance of the Moscow OVIR, went to the annual trip to France, and on June 22 of the same year the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which was "decided to deprive of the Soviet citizenship Rabin, Oscar Yakovlevich due to the fact that his work is a disgrace to the title of Soviet citizen". So began the third, the Paris stage of the artist's life.
After moving to France the artist's work for the most part has lost its sharp social orientation. In his works, the brighter is the Jewish theme, complicated compositions, forms. The painting takes on a slightly more decorative character. The composition of his works often resemble a collagethe fragments which appear different, different from his traditional gray-коричневой gamma, hue, and appearing as if the shadows of the past, echoes (citations) of his works. Yes, and Rabin often said that the most important thing he has done and said in Russia, and arrived in France already established artist. Paris gave him the main thing that lacked in the Soviet Union, — creative freedom. "There [in France] my work — is in General-то the middle. There I have 30 years of living and working. One does not bother me. I dreamed all my life" (Rabin).
Today, Rabin recognized and famous both in the West and in Russia.
In 1990, he was returned to Soviet citizenship, and in January 2006 Oskar Rabin and his wife Valentina Kropiwnicki handed new Russian passports. In March of that year, Rabin was awarded the state prize "Innovation" in the nomination "For the creative contribution to the development of modern art". His solo and retrospective exhibitions are held in major museums of Russia. In 1993, the Russian Museum hosted the first solo exhibition in Russia. In 2007-м the Museum of personal collections GMII im. Pushkin organized the exhibition "Oscar Rabin, Valentina Kropiwnicki, Alexander Rabin. Paintings and drawings from private collections (Moscow, Paris, Dusseldorf)". In 2008-м the State Tretyakov gallery in honor of the 80-летия artist opened a major retrospective, "Three of life" (show report, see forum AI), and in the same year the artist became an Honorary academician of the Russian Academy of arts.
Rabin's Paintings are exhibited in many major museums in Europe including at the Pompidou Center) and America, are in private collections around the world.
OSCAR RABIN Baths (Sniff Cologne "Moscow"). 1966
. oil on Canvas. 89,5 x 109,5
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 70 000-90 000 dollars
Price: 336 000 dollars
Sotheby's. 17.4.2007. Lot 473
Source: os.colta.ru
OSCAR RABIN poet's Cafe Sapgir. 1962
. oil on Canvas. 70 x 89
evaluation of the auction (estimate): 28 000-40 000 lbs
Price: £ 37 520
MacDougall's. 05.06.2013. Lot 331
Source: macdougallauction.com
there is Rabin and the art-рынке: it is often shown in galleries and successfully sold at auctions around the world, including in Russia. Our database ARTinvestment.RU contains information about 275 works of Oscar Rabin, put up for open auction. Basically this painting (it is, incidentally, the most expensive) and most expensive prized works of the late 1950-х — 1970-х years. Record sales of works of Rabin have for 2006-2008; we remember that it was a pretty difficult period for the art-рынка, but in this case, of course, played the role of the exhibition in the Tretyakov gallery and the Pushkin Museum and, perhaps, attention to the person of the artist with the Russian authorities and the official art-институций.
the record Price belongs to the work of 1959, "the city and the moon. (Socialist city)" — 337 000 dollars. This amount has been recorded at auction at Sotheby's (new-Йорк) April 15, 2008. A year earlier, on April 17, 2007, on the same new-йоркском Sotheby's forthe painting "the Bath (Sniff Cologne "Moscow")" (1966) gave 336 000 dollars. Third place among the most expensive works is the painting "violin at the cemetery" (1969), sold for 140 391 lb (272 008 dollars) on 27 November 2006 in the auction of the auction house MacDougall's (London). 5 June was shown the best result of the current, 2013 — 37 520 pounds for the oil on canvas "Café poet Sapgir" (1962).
Sources:
1. izvestia.ru.
2. oskarrabin.com.
3. itogi.ru.
4. magazines.russ.ru.
5. artinvestment.ru
6. "Other art". Moscow 1956-1958. Moscow: Galart, 2005.
7. M. Ural Nemuhinskie monologues. Portrait of the artist in the interior of the underground. SPb.: Aletheia, 2011.
8. A. Weeks. Oscar Rabin. Animated life. M.: New literary review, 2012.
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