Phalanx

1901-1904, Munich

Members: P. Behrens, M. Braucht, F. Valloton, F. Wedekind, M. Wenzel, G. wolf, A. Gallen-Каллела, N. Y. Davydov, A. Salzman, V. V. Kandinsky, L. Corinth, Kubin, A., N. Kuznetsov, K. Kastner, L. Meuter, C. Monet, R. Nicki, К.-Й. Palmi (palm), B. Pankok, R. Remarked, T. van Rysselberge, P. Signac, R. Treiman, B. Trubner, Freitag (Freitag), V. Heckel, L., Hoffman, H., Christiansen, P. Huber, W. Huesgen., K. Stratman, E., stern, E. Hauk.

Exhibitions: 1-я (1901, Munich) — 15-я (1904, Darmstadt).

International group of artists@the semicolon is created V. V. Kandinsky in August 1901 in opposition to the Munich Secession — the largest and most influential exhibition of the Association of Munich at the turn of — twentieth centuries. In a letter D. N. The Kardovsky (to another student at the school Aschbe) 13 Mar 1901 V. V. Kandinsky wrote: "Opened the spring Secession, stifling, cheap complacent and routine... no new ideas, no fresh feelings anywhere..."

the Idea of creating a new art society originated in the late 1900s: Union was supposed in several art centers (Paris, Munich, St-Петербург, Moscow); its members was to be himself V. V. Kandinsky, A. G. Jawlensky, A. Salzman, . N. Saddler, E. S. Kruglikova, E. M. Tatevosian, S. V. Malyutin, A. Golovin, M. A. Vrubel, D. N. Kardovsky. This project was not implemented. In November 1900 V. V. Kandinsky wrote D. N. The Kardovsky: "I Have a proposal for You. Finding this summer the conditions are suitable, I decided to share with different persons of my long-contrived project to arrange in Munich in Association with the permanent exhibition of things all branches of art".

the Name "Phalanx" is translated from Greek as "row", "row", ie, a tactical formation of the ancient Greeks@the semicolon in the teachings of the philosopher of the socialist-утописта H Fourier phalanx — is a society of individualists, living and working together.

was Assumed three permanent members: 1) members having active and permanent rights; 2) exhibitors that do not participate in the jury; 3) art lovers, patrons. Membership provided for a fixed annual fee, as well as the opportunity to exhibit one work (of the three allowed) in addition to the jury. The members of the Society and invited artists had the right to hang and to put their work.

position of the Society was formulated the main goal of — to give artists the opportunity to make full representation of their work and the right to exhibit their works. To implement the plan it was decided to organize short-term (4 to 6 weeks) common and collective exhibitions. In collective exhibitions (two or three artists) were eligible to participate all full members, on the basis of ¾ of the votes, and also personally invited by the Society. In General — all valid members without discussion the jury@the semicolon works are not members of the Society were considered by a jury comprised of audience in determining the composition of the exhibition of the full members.

Board, under the Charter, consisted of 1-го President, 2-го President, Secretary and Treasurer, and 1-м President was to be a painter, 2-м — sculptor. 1-м was elected President R. Nicki. In the same year it was replaced by V.Kandinsky; 2-м became President V. Heckel, Secretary — G. Freitag (Freitag). In April 1904 Kandinsky from-за overload resigned 1-го President and became 2-м President of the Society, his place was taken by R. Treiman.

From 1901 to 1904, the group held 15 exhibitions (including preserved directories five). Exhibited: paintings, drawings, jewelry, vases, Cabinet sculpture ("small bronze"), posters, furniture. I. Grabar in the "Letter on art" (Mir iskusstva, 1902, no. 8, p. 145) wrote: "we still Have to wonder at the energy and patience of a small group of artists who journeyed this "phalanx" terrible, do not disdain by any means of the enemy (referring to the Committee of the Munich secession. — Ed.)".

Vernissage 1-й exhibition was held on 15 Aug 1901;V. V. Kandinsky performed for the opening of the lithographed poster. In a letter D. N. The Kardovsky dated September 16, 1901, he said: "in the cauldron boil all this long time: in Munich the device of the exhibition of the new Association "Phalanx", the making of the work, the establishment of the school, where I provide landscape class. In the “Phalanx” I put six small paintings and portraits, ten of the etudes. Had a “good criticism”, I sold before one etude and one picture. Was my poster is accepted for exhibition, he had to Tinker, and even to write the phrase over the entrance to the exhibition in eight meters."

2-я the exhibition was held in January — March 1902, 3-я — in the spring of 1902. 4-я exhibition of the "Phalanx" (the second half of 1902) was devoted to the Finnish artist-символисту Akseli Gallen-Каллеле. 5-я and 6-я exhibition took place in the winter — in the spring of 1903. 7-я exhibition in may of 1903, was dedicated to Claude Monet (exhibited 16 of his works);, it had considerable resonance: one of the visitors was the Prince-регент of Bavaria, Luitpold. 8-я and 9-я exhibition occurred in the second half of 1903, 9-я was dedicated to Alfred Cuban. 10-я exhibition in April 1904 was devoted to neoimpressionists — Paul Signac, Felix Valloton, Theo van Rysselberghe. Theme 11-й exhibition in April — may 1904 became the modern German engraving. 12-я, 13-я and 14-я exhibition took place in the summer — in the fall of 1904. 15-я, the last exhibition was held in Darmstadt in December 1904.

in Parallel with the active exhibition activities V. V. Kandinsky was organized in the Schwabing district of Munich School of painting and drawing (the so-called "School "Phalanx""); it was attended by everyone of any age. Classes tended to follow the program of the Academy of arts: every day from 9 to 12 hours — drawing heads from life, from 14 to 16 — Nude model, from 17 to 18 — Nude model under artificial lighting. Every Saturday he made sketches of different poses of a Nude model every week was the still life. Proofreading of drafts and sketches of teachers was carried out in the morning, after lunch and in the evening every Wednesday and Saturday. New, in comparison with the academic program, was an active summer job in the open air. V. V. Kandinsky led to the school landscape painting class. According to the recollections of a pupil of School and the closest colleague V. V. Kandinsky G. Munter, "many shops were empty, and the problem was not in the set of students, and in teaching experience teachers — young artists". From-за financial problems the school was closed at the end1902.

in society there was also a Theosophical section.

Sources:

1. Avtonomova N. B. V. V. Kandinsky and the "Phalanx" // Modern and European artistic integration. Proceedings of the international conference. M., 2003. P. 148-158.
2. Turchin. Russian artists in Munich // Modern and European artistic integration. Proceedings of the international conference. M., 2003. P. 110-116.