From 9 June to 16 August in the main building of the Pushkin Museum to them. AS Pushkin exhibition “The character and form. Polish Paintings 1880-1939 ”

From 9 June to 16 August in the main building of the Pushkin Museum to them. Alexander Pushkin (Volkhonka, 12), the exhibition «The character and form. Polish Paintings 1880-1939 ». The exhibition presents more than a hundred paintings and drawings from 14 museums in Poland. Exhibition - an important part of Polish culture festival, which will be concerts, movie screenings, seminars.

The Art of Polish late XIX - early XX century is full of discoveries and innovations. This is one of the brightest periods of Polish culture, reflecting an intense spiritual life of emerging countries. It is interesting first of all the active occurrence of Polish artists in innovative artistic environment of European capitals, in the orbit of Symbolism and Modernism.

Polish artists studied, created and exhibited throughout Europe: in St. Petersburg and Moscow, Helsinki and Paris, London and Madrid. A large group of Polish artists have been educated at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts: Stabrovsky in the years 1895-1897 he studied at Ilya Repin , Ferdinand Ruschits - from Ivan Shishkin and Arkhip Kuindzhi ; Vladislav Stsheminsky, friends with Kazimir Malevich , moved in 1922 to Poland from Russia, where he lived and worked.

The peculiarity of the Polish culture associated with the peculiarities of its history. Poland as a State in the second half of X century. But at the end of XVIII century, its lands were divided among several neighboring countries, but the borders of the divided nation was closely linked spiritually, especially the common language and culture. In cases where it was impossible to talk, enjoy some kind of «ezopovym language», a code hidden meanings. Already in the second half of XIX century, formed a complex language of signs and symbols understandable only to initiates. It was manifested in dress, ornaments, how to carry weapons and sedlaniya horse, in the design of book bindings and the priority filing dishes in singing songs and much more.

And when in Europe in the late XIX century, a trend known as «symbolism», Polish art has proved to him fully. Polish artists have begun to invest a symbolic meaning in all that surrounds them: light, color, landscape, climate, atmosphere, interior view, figure. These characters are moved the audience into the world of fairy tales, feelings, faith, nature.

The symbols served a triple function: they were the key to literary art, a secret language, which owned only elected, but, most importantly, it gave hope that the historic dream of freedom. History has been a source of ideas and thoughts about the future, the source of shadows and light, but it is history, myth, theater, decorated with the XIX century.

For example, «Stanchik» Jan Matejko - this is a historical figure: the court jester of Polish kings Zygmunt the Old, and Zygmunt August of dynasty Yagellonov (XVI century).. Stanchik - is the sage and the jester, fortune, and scoffer at one person. Matejko showed the Royal Society in the state of the tragic and sad reflection on the history of the country, which, being on top of his power, is on the brink of the abyss.

In pictures «petrified Druid» Leon Vychulkovskogo and «vicious circle» Jacek Malchevskogo presented fantastic, mythical story, three periods of life: childhood, «average age» and the wise old age intertwined in the cycle of eternity.

Along with the fantastic and historical world in the Polish art world is enchanted nature. Even in the most simple, seemingly, «just seen» pictures is a mystery. Girlfriend melancholy is warm, sensual and attractive Death - nice, provincial girl with slanting gently closes his eyes obediently elders.

adoption of the classic sad fin-de-siécle, covering the whole of Europe at that time, the Polish art of diagnosis takes reality. The whole world is filled with mystery, ÎÉ×ÅÌÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ the border between the garden, a theater, house. Peacocks, dragonflies, butterflies - large and colorful, beautiful and ugly - is accompanied by a youth, love, old age. Hidden world of growing to the size, which has only a fairy tale and theater convincing in their make-believe truth.

neurasthenic atmosphere of characters and symbols is a «promised land» in the works of Witold Voytkevicha and Wojciech Weiss. Children's dance, the princess escapes, kidnapping in the puppet world, the tragedy of the clown more dramatic than war and revolution in Europe.

Tatra Mountain scenery, created by Stanislav Vitkevichem, Leon Vychulkovskim, Wojciech Weiss, Jan Stanislavsky, and the subsequent generation of Stanislaw Ignacy Vitkevichem (Vitkatsiem), Vladislav Skochilyasom, Rafale Malchevskim, Timonen Neselovskim, Mechislavom pike, create epic Tatra Mountains, which has implications for freedom, somnolent in the mountains. Almost all the artists who come to Zakopane, painted Gevont mountain towering over the village (now - the city), a form reminiscent of a sleeping knight, who is waiting for the signal to rise to the struggle for independence.

An interesting phenomenon in the Polish art was the work of the group «Polish expressionists» (1917), later called «formistami» (1919-1922). Formal experiments coincided with the development of Cubism, and later all the more in-depth search of «pure art», as well as the emergence of a large number of outstanding young talents since 1918 - all this has led to an incredibly rich interwar period.

I get a lot of artistic associations, related to the international avant-garde, as well as international organizations such artists as «Mutiny», «The Polish expressionist», «Paris Committee», «block», «Prezens», «Artes »or« Cracow Group », which refused to simvolistskih skills of the previous generation.

Among the early artists of 1920's were Leon Hvistek, Stanislaw Ignacy Vitkevich (Vitkatsy), Titus Chizhevsky and Zygmunt Valishevsky. Two recent experiments after kubisticheskih again turned to painting, combining color and shape.

Having passion theories «net art», many artists returned to the details submitted to the world. Titus Chizhevsky, Vitkatsy Alexander Rafalovsky as well as Stsheminsky and Berlevi (in later work) have returned to the image of individual fragments (nudity, still life).

But in the late 1920's - early 1930's in Poland's art once again became visible to the draft elements of the absurd and the usual characters.

tries to do without the «literary context» led to a search for something «prohibitive», ie Second, the parallel space of the picture. Find this «sverhmir» Occult helped, brought together by the Polish art of surrealism. In the art of starting a very interesting period. Concepts, symbols, characters begin to crazy dance associations. The image of the painting Primavera Jan Tsibisa - nude, resembling a dead man, surrounded by floating flowers in the air. «Model of ËÏÔÏÍ» Titus Chyczewska generates dozens of interpretations of and opportunities to decipher the signs of (cat, curtain, roll, spiral, closed eyes).

presented at the exhibition of pictures represent only some of the trends of the entire diversity of the phenomena of the time, but all this is of great interest for Russian visitors beginning of the XXI century.

Stories exhibition ties in Poland and Moscow museums devoted to the chamber project, which will be held in the Gallery of Art in Europe and America, XIX - XX centuries, the Pushkin Museum Pushkin parallel exposition «The character and form». Here, the audience will be able to meet with a group of works by Polish masters 1920-30-ies, including in Moscow, after the collection of Polish art exhibitions held in Moscow in 1933. These works of masters of the first row - the valuable cultural heritage of Poland particles - will be presented to the public for the first time in several decades. The project enhances the cultural tradition of inter-state cooperation, which continues today, the Institute of Adam Mickiewicz.

Source: museum.ru/gmii