For the first time shows its timing monotypes collection - more than 80 works of Elizabeth Kruglikova, Alexander Shevchenko, Rostislav Barto, Adrian Kaplun, Konstantin Rudakov, David Borovsky, Valentine's Levitin, Eugene Mihnova-Voitenko and other ma

RM (Mikhailovsky (Engineers') Castle), August 24 - October 17, 2011

In Mikhailovsky (Engineers') Castle opened the exhibition "Monotype from the Russian Museum." The Russian Museum for the first time shows his collection of works created in this unusual technique. The exhibition features more than 80 works by such masters of monotypes, like Kruglikova , Aleksandr Shevchenko , Barto < /a>, Kaplun , Konstantin Rudakov , David Borovsky , Valentin Levitin Eugene Mikhnov-Voitenko , etc.

term " monotype "comes from the Greek word« monos »- one and« typos »- print. The process of its creation in the classical sense is this: on smoothly polished metal board with oil paints creates a picture that is transferred to paper by means of etching machine. A reprint can be obtained only in a single copy - a unique work of authorship. Thus, monotype printing techniques to apply, but not a lottery.

appeared in the middle of the XVII century by the Italian artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, and not having one of the main qualities of printing equipment - printing systems, monotype has not been claimed and remained masters of engraving lot of experimenters. In the last third of the XIX century interest in the monotype engravers have not woken up, and the younger generation of artists - the Impressionists, who sought new forms and ways of expressing light and color. Monotype has acquired a second birth primarily because of Edgar Degas, absorbed by it in the mid-1870s. Under his influence to monotypes accessed Camille Pissarro, Paul Gauguin, Pierre Bonnard and others. Interest in various types of printing at that time in Paris was great that society, uniting as French and foreign artists who came there in search of new impulses for creativity. Among them was Elizabeth Kruglikova, the activities which cause the appearance of monotypes in Russia. To some extent, Paris can be called "homeland" of the Russian monotypes.

ELIZABETH Kruglikova Artist's Workshop. 1914 paper, monotype. I.: 32.4 x 46.8; l.: 43 x 61 , 5

ELIZABETH Kruglikova Still Life. White Roses. 1914 paper, monotype. IV: 46.8 x 32.5; l.: 61,5 x 44,4

Kruglikova Elizabeth, who had in Paris, his own art studio, experimenting with varieties of engraving on metal: etching, aquatint and soft-colored varnish. "I did not have enough time to do etchings, and so I accidentally made a monotype, not even knowing that this is the monotype!" - So telling about the artist mastered it in 1909 to print. Six years of the Paris period Kruglikova worked enthusiastically, grasping the opportunities monotypes in various genres. Her works are deeply individual and at the same time in tune with the modern era. The artist not only successfully worked in his Paris studio, but also actively promoted in Russia a new printing technique: monotypes exhibited at trade shows, publishing feature articles.

In 1900, 1910 monotype on their own in experimented and other national artists. In the Russian Museum has three unique imprint of Valentine Bystrenina: pictures nudes, done in 1906 on an aluminum plate and combine paintings and drawings began. But for a popular artist and engraver they remained only a "home experience". At the exhibitions "World of Art" from the mid 1910s there monotypes Catherine Kachur-Falileeva . Her work, based on the tradition of the realist school, reminiscent of oil sketches.

In an atmosphere of post-revolutionary Russia monotype technique, which excludes the mass circulation, found no echo in the artistic environment. The epithet "Oranzhereina" applied to her critic Erich Gollerbahom, combined and aesthetic evaluation of its nature and its "irrelevance." In the years of the constructivist trends typical of monotypes and impressionistic decorativism seemed alien and izzhivshimi yourself.

Alexander Shevchenko House on the beach. 1934 paper, monotype. I.: 24.2 x 20.5; l.: 35 7 x 30,8

Alexander Shevchenko Woman with apples. 1934 paper, monotype. IV: 24.3 x 20.4; l.: 36,3 x 31,7

A new phase in the history of domestic monotypes delineated in the early 1930s. This decade was a time of prosperity: it asked the artists in different directions, renowned craftsmen and creative young people. This primarily was due to the creativity of the most eminent representative of the Moscow avant-garde Alexander Shevchenko, who, according to critics, has turned this technique into an art form. The turn of the 1920s and 30s for Shevchenko has been marked a new stage in the work, largely related to his visits to the Caucasus. Then he turned to the technique of monotype. Impressions from the exotic nature, bright colors, the local people's life and types are all inspired by the master. Monumentality, the flatness, the desire to ornamentalism - that was the credo of Shevchenko.

Gromov AA jumper. 1935 paper, monotype. I.: 21.1 õ29, 4 liters.: 26,7 h36, 2

Kaplun ADRIAN The plant named Marty. Leningrad. 1935 paper, monotype. IV: 37.2 x 50.8; l.: 43.9 x 58,4

In Leningrad, a new impulse to appeal to monotypes connected again with the activities Kruglikova Elizabeth, in the late 1920s - early 1930s, organizing graphic studios and workshops. Monotype was interesting and her students, and venerable artists such as Paul Shillingovsky , Nikolay Pavlov, etc. For monotype artist Adrian Kaplun has become one of the main techniques. He experimented with a colorful surface, and the evolution of his coloristic palette reflects the general trend in the domestic arts of the era. Of expressive color combinations cause imprints in the early 1930s, Kaplun was moving toward a realistic range, creating a low-key lyrical and romantic landscape.

To the best events of the Leningrad monotypes are owned by Konstantin Rudakov. He preferred black and white, monochrome palette, creating a feeling of lightness and airiness of the form.

With all the conventions of the Soviet division of monotypes 1920-40s in Moscow ("Shevchenko") and Leningrad ( "kruglikovskuyu"), we note that the Muscovites were the main texture associated with the splash and color. Leningrad, worked in a realistic manner, accentuated the expressive nature of the smear and dynamic composition. A number of works by members of both schools reflect the energy of the builders of a new life (the descent of ships, the demonstration), and while others were taken to the world, far from the socialist reality.

political "thaw" in 1960 's gave artists an opportunity to explore the heritage of art, before was in an ideological disgrace. In particular, the 1960s were marked by passion of many artists of the ideas of Impressionism. And again, as in the XIX century, monotype was demanded by artists for whom it was important to shift the focus on contemplation painterly surface as the main value of the work. The influence of French Impressionism noticeable in the landscape monotype David Borovsky early 1960s. They are imbued with light, fresh and expressive.

VALENTIN LEVITIN Still Life. 1969 paper, monotype. I.: 28.8 x 40.2; l.: 32.8 x 43.7 < /div>

In 1960, some 70 artists from the Impressionist experiments have come to think about experiments Cubists, the representatives of analytical and abstract art. Leningrad painter Valentin Levitin lot of experimenting with monotypes. In his still lifes of the late 1960s can be traced dialogue with Cubist search early twentieth century, and in a series of non-objective compositions of the 1970s - an allusion to the experiences of Vasily Kandinsky. Particular attention is paid invoice Levitin , giving it depth and layering.

Most of the Russian Museum collection monotypes of the second half of the twentieth century - a product of abstract art. Each of the artists - George Kovenchuk, Mary-Raube Gorchilina , Valentin Levitin and others - to identify" their "face the potential of technology. However, a landmark name in this context was Eugene Mikhnov -Voitenko, who in 1970 created a series of "compositions" in the monotypes. His monotypes - an endless variety of smears, stains, ragged lines, sharp lines and odd shapes, but, as the artist himself, "chaos - it is harmony" .

In the early 1990s, inspired by the love poetry of antiquity, he turned to his little friend before the monotype technique artist Yuri Trizna. full of unbridled sensuality, his works are the strongest energy charge. < /p>

One of the masters, the most actively working in monotype today - Moscow artist Alexander willow . His favorite trick - making a collage of cut-sheet prints of several monotypic. His work is extremely decorative and reminiscent uzoroche oriental rugs.

monotypes Assembly of the Russian Museum traces the key stages and direction of development of this technology in Russia. Among the authors there is little known artists and craftsmen who are not only for its paradigmatic works, but works almost unknown to the public. Some of his works not previously exhibited.

Source : rusmuseum . ru , press release timing