At the Center "Hermitage-Kazan" an exhibition "The Art of French XVII - XVIII centuries" from the Hermitage collection. Presented more than 140 works of painting sculpture and applied arts

Center "Hermitage-Kazan" an exhibition "The Art of the French XVII - XVIII centuries" from the Hermitage collection. Over 140 works of painting sculpture, applied art give an idea of the artistic life of France at the time when it becomes Legislator European artistic fashion.

• Nicolas Poussin (CIRCLE) Salvation Zenobia
  1640-e. Oil on canvas

large scale urban development during the reign of Louis XIV more insistently demanded the creation of a single style and the formation of art school, which was supposed to lead the French artist. They became Simon Vouet, master a long time lived in Italy and headed the Rome Academy of St. Luke. In 1627 Voué was summoned home, where he was given the rank of "first painter of the King. Carrying out an enormous amount of orders of the royal court to the Louvre and the Luxembourg Palace of Versailles and Vincennes castle of Fontainebleau and the Palais Royal, Simon Vouet had a big workshop, where under his leadership worked young artists. Painting apprentice, one of the biggest artists of the first half of the XVII century, François Perret Hercules among the gods of Olympus, "gives an idea of the style that was established in the French art with the arrival of Simon Vouet.

new conditions attract Paris a lot of artists also worked before in Italy. Among them is a brilliant painter Jean Blanchard, in the works which clearly was influenced by Venetian school.

• SEbASTIAN Bourdon Burning Bush
  1642-1645. Oil on canvas

most talented student Simon Vouet was Eustache Lesyuer. In the grand style of the teacher Lesyuer brought lyricism and softness of color gamut, exemplified "in the Temple».

in 1635 founded the first Royal Academy - The Academy of Literature, and the dominant style, recognized by the court, became classicism. In painting, the classical doctrine designed, developed and brought to perfection Nicolas Poussin. In his work, he appealed primarily to the ancient and biblical history, preferring rare and dramatic scenes, such as, "Recovery Zenobia" or "Death of Germanicus" to illustrate the moral or philosophical ideas. In landscape painting embodies the principles of classicism follower of Poussin, Claude Lorrain. "Arrival of Ulysses to the court Lycomedes" continues a series of famous harbor, the artist who brought well-deserved fame, and "Landscape with Christ on the road to Emmaus" from the latter half of his work when he created the type of pastoral landscape is filled with deep, as a rule, religious contents. /p>

• Claude Gellee (called Lorry) Check Ulysses to the court of King Lycomedes.
  1648 Oil on canvas

In 1648 was founded the Royal Academy of painting and sculpture, teaching which was based on the ideas and practices of Poussin. During this period, were written by wonderful examples of French classic painting such as "The Siege of Samaria," Tom Blanche, "The Baptism of the centurion" Pierre Corneille the Elder, "Holy Family" by Pierre Cauchy.

desire to create a single style, covering all branches of art, resulting in early in 1660 to reorganize and reform of the Academy Sh Lebrenom and Jean-Baptiste Colbert. worthy of attention now recognized as historical paintings (mostly ancient), and religious subjects, allegories, and formal portraits. The most prominent representative of this kind of painting in the era of its heyday was Charles Le Brun, who led the Paris Academy in 1661, driving a royal manufactory, who led the work on the interior decoration of the palace at Versailles and the Apollo Gallery in the Louvre. To judge he created the "grand style" can work on the master of his circle "Battle of Romans and Sabines.

• ADAM FRENCH VAN der Meulen
  Batalha. 1657. Oil on canvas
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By the end of 1720-ies emerging new trend in architecture, fine and applied arts - Rococo. Genre painting was no less significant than the historical.

A. Under the influence of Watteau, but without imitating him, and finding their own solutions, he wrote his charming female characters in Jean-François Courtin (Young Woman in Front of the Mirror ") and Jean-Francois de Troy - small picture , depicting an elegant society in the luxurious interior or on the lap of nature ("The scene in the park »).

historical painters, unlike their predecessors, the preference is not the heroic mythology, and love affairs with classical gods. This tendency clearly illustrate the "Bacchus and Ariadne" by Charles-Joseph Natuara and "Birth of Venus" Noel Nicola Coypel.

• MICHEL KORNELIOU SR
  Baptism centurion. XVII century. Oil on canvas

ideal spokesman tastes of his time was Francois Boucher, whose highly varied works are represented by "crossing the bridge».

growing place wins intimate portrait - from the allegorical and the surface, Jean-Marc Nattier for greater individual Louis Tox.

In late 1730-ies along with the art of rococo art begins to take shape, associated with the ideals of the Third Estate and the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment. The art is introduced a new moral atmosphere, and other virtues - family values, sincere feelings, modesty. Particular development are portraits, still life and genre painting. One of the main exponents of the democratic ideals of the French artistic culture is Jean-Baptiste Greuze, who led the so impressed with the ideas Enlightenment and became a fundamental sentimental moralizing over in painting ("The girl in the lilac tunic »).

• Nicolas Lancret Concert in the Park
  Between 1720 and 1743. Oil on canvas

replaced by numerous and diverse areas of art in France the middle of XVIII century comes a new trend - neo-classicism. reviving before thoroughly forgotten historical genre, remains a popular genre, the new value of becoming a portrait and landscape.

Landscape at this time almost entirely the works of two famous artists who developed the tradition of Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin - seascape by Claude Joseph Vernet (Harbour in Ancona "," Harbour with Obelisk, "" Waterfall in Tivoli) and a painter and architectural ruins of Hubert Robert ("Landscape with the ruins of a round temple, with a statue of Venus and Marcus Aurelius monument", "The ancient building, which serves a public bath »).

portraiture of the second half of XVIII century is even more important than the landscape, and develops the same neo-classical ideas. extraordinary popularity at that time was Elizabeth Louise Vigee-Lebrun ("Portrait of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexeyevna, Portrait Anna Pitt as Hebe »).

• Francois Boucher Crossing the bridge
  1730-e. Oil on canvas

Since the XVII century and for many years, France has become a leading country in the field of applied art.

court of Louis XIV with his ceremonial Furnishings meant that meets the needs of the king and his circle. To do this, are the royal manufactories and workshops, which provide the tapestry, embroidery, bronze ware and furniture.

for furniture this time is characterized by a monumental volumes of generality contours and splendor ornaments. A new type of furniture in the middle of the XVII century, becoming a cabinet of ebony and carved. In the second half of the century is distributed fashion on "technique Boule" (on behalf of the most famous furniture maker that period, Andre Charles Boulle). cabinets, cabinets, chests of drawers In this technique was adopted to make pairs: in one case serves as a background tortoise in another - copper. The work of S. Buhl is a fine example of so-called "grand style" furniture in the XVII century.

• Jean-Baptiste DREAMS girl in a lilac tunic
  1770-80's. Oil on canvas

interior walls decorated with tapestries. Tapestries woven series of mythological, historical and religious subjects. In the mid-century, they wove the factory, led by the master of Bruxelles - Marc de Comans and Francois de la Planche. In the suburbs of Paris in the house of a dyer Gobelin manufactory was opened, called Tapestry. Lead her and created a cardboard for a series of tapestries, Charles Le Brun.

XVIII century - while the highest peak of French applied art, when the credibility of France in this area is absolutely indisputable.

initial period of transition from the "grand style" to the Rococo is known as "Regency style." At this time there is a gradual transition from the majestic forms of Louis XIV to the exquisite forms of objects of the reign of Louis XV. It is in the crafts most clearly revealed features refined rococo style.

Furnishing state rooms remained quite traditional, residential indoor furniture is becoming more diverse. It is freely arranged in space, forming a corner for tea, conversation, sewing, playing. proliferating bureaus, and in the middle of the XVIII century, there are many tables of various shapes and decor, comfortable corner cabinets. The contours of objects is almost no straight lines. proliferating media "marquetry" (recruited from various wood patterns, glued on a wooden base).

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replaced Fajans comes china. This development of this unique material began in the XVIII century, first at Vincennes, then at Sevres Manufactory after the transfer there. porcelain are entire sets and individual items. In Sèvres established and functioning in a porcelain sculpture - small skulpturok, which are executed from unglazed masses - biscuit on models of the best artists of the XVIII century - L.-S. Boizeau, E.-M. Falconet, etc.

own changes to the development of applied arts making Age of Enlightenment, with its desire for simplicity and clarity, and love of nature. In the second half of XVIII century to replace the rococo neoclassicism comes.

Many types of furniture remain, but changing the pattern of decoration. tortuous contours are replaced by straight lines, identify the characteristics of construction, decoration used antique ornamentation from ov, palmettes, meander Zhemchuzhnikov. becoming common secretary with a folding board.

• ELIZABETH-Louise Vigee Le Brun
  Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Alekseyevna
  1798. Oil on canvas

Particular attention is paid the French master of neo-classical bronze ornaments. Best bronze - Pierre Gouthier and Pierre Philip Thomire - collaborated with the furniture-makers, and at the same time creating individual works of decorative bronze.

again actively introduced to decorate the interiors of the tapestry. They weave not only at the Gobelins factory, but in a much larger number of the factory in Beauvais and Savoneri. However, now more and more resemble tapestries woven pattern, losing the fine qualities of just this kind of artistic creativity.

The exhibition academic catalog "The Art of French XVII - XVIII centuries from the State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg: Slavia. 2010). Authors статей, посвященных живописи и прикладному искусству, — заведующая Отделом западноевропейского прикладного искусства Т. В. Раппе и старшие научные сотрудники Отдела западноевропейского изобразительного искусства Е. В. Дерябина и Н. К. Серебрянная.

Выставка работает до 16 января 2011 года.

Источник: hermitagemuseum.org