Goltz George P.

March 4, 1893 (pp. Bolszewo Moscow Province) - May 27, 1946 (Moscow)

architect, graphic artist, stage designer.

born in the family of a mechanical engineer Bolshevo Manufactory PI Goltz and pianist, music teacher EA Goltz. In 1913 he graduated from the 9 th Moscow classical gymnasium them. Medvednikov. In the same year he entered MUZhViZ in the painting department, where he studied with NE Noakovskogo and D. Kardovsky. He met with Mikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova, DD Burliuk, VV Mayakovsky and other representatives of the avant-garde. Took part in the filming of "Drama in Cabaret Futurists number 13", is the only known treatment of the Futurists to cinematography.

In 1914 he joined the department of architecture MUZhViZ, studied at the LM Brailovskiy. Worked as an assistant Goncharova at registration opera-ballets by Rimsky-Korsakov's The Golden Cockerel. Participated in exhibitions of the Futurists.

In 1915, drafted into the army, graduated from flying school in Petrograd, was sent to the front with the aviation detachment. In 1916 due to illness (severe form of typhoid fever) evacuated to Kiev. After recovery, sent to the aviation workshops. In 1918 demobilized, he returned to Moscow. Joined the department of museums and monuments of art and antiquities Commissariat of the RSFSR. Resumed teaching in the Second State of free art workshops. The project Goltz (jointly with VN Tretyakov) built a garage in Karetny number of People's Commissars in Moscow.

In 1919-1920 he joined the Red Army, worked as a translator of the Revolutionary Military Council in Moscow, Taganrog and Novorossiysk. In 1921 demobilized. Resumed training in VHUTEMAS at the architectural department at the NA Ladovsky, studied drawing at the VA Favorsky. In 1922 he defended his thesis project, obtained the right to travel abroad (not held). After a short time acted as assistant to the chief artist of the 3rd studio Moscow Art Theater under the direction Vakhtangov.

In the late 1910's - 1920's worked a lot in the magazine graphics, collaborated with the magazines "Paprika", "Crocodile", "Twinkle", "Echo", "30 days", "Journalist". In 1923 he took part in the design of pavilions VSHV, was an assistant Shchusev on the construction of the Kazan station in Moscow. In the 1923-1928 series of paintings executed "Moscow twenties».

In 1924 began working as a theatrical designer, designed the show "Find, or Little Polle" E. Ya Tarakhovskaya in the Moscow theater for children. In the future, created costumes and scenery for productions of "Negro and the ape" Satz and SG Rozanov (1927, Moscow Theater for Children), "Buzonada" L. Bochin (1931, Moscow Theater for Children), "Tupeyny artist" by Nikolai Leskov (1935-1936, Kalininskiy Drama Theater), "Cinderella" T. Gabbe (from the fairy tale Sh Perrot, 1944, Leningrad puppet theater), "Electra" by Sophocles (1946, Theater. Vakhtangov, together with the VI Mukhina).

In 1924-1925 he lived in Italy, worked for magazines political kartikatury ABC, Mondo, Il Mateno. Made a series of drawings "Tour of Italy (1924-1925). Upon his return to Moscow to start work on the graphic cycle "capitalist world" (1925-1928). Entry into constructivist creative group "Union of Modern Architects (OCA), a year later became a member of the Moscow Architectural Society (MAO). In 1928, became acquainted with Le Corbusier during his first visit to Moscow.

In 1927 he took part in the Third Monza-Milan exhibition of decorative arts, where images were displayed in graphical Goltz Section of the USSR. In 1928-1936, together with PV Williams and VF Ryndin worked on the creation of interiors of the Moscow theater for children, performed sketches of decorative panels, curtain, wall murals foyer and the dining.

In the late 1920's and in 1930 worked mainly as an architect, first with the creative team of MAO (Goltz, MP Parusnikov, JH Sobolev), then independently. According to his projects have been built mill in Ivanteevka (1929), boiler KievGRES (1929), belonging to the major monuments of late constructivism, the Palace of Culture Proletarian District, Moscow (1930), Izokombinat (1933-1938), Grand Ustinsky Bridge (1936-1938) , the gateway to Yauza (1939, Holtz's most famous work), a house on Grand Kaluga Street (now - Leninsky Prospekt), for which the author was awarded the Stalin Prize.

In 1932 took part in the competition for the project of the Palace of Soviets in Moscow as part of the creative group of MAO (the project received the 3rd Prize), as well as Assistant IV ZHOLTOVSKOGO (awarded 1 st prize).

Most established during this period projects were not implemented, including projects in the water station CPKiO them. Gorky (1931-1932), Meyerhold Theater, theater AUCCTU (both - 1933), the reconstruction projects of the Chamber Theater, the Opera Theater. Stanislavsky, the Hippodrome in Moscow (all - 1934), projects the station 1-st stage of the Moscow subway "Myasnitskie Gate" (1934), the Turkish Embassy, house engineers (1937), the pavilion of the Moscow region and state farms pavilion VSHV (1937-1938 ), the Second House of People's Commissars in charge (1940) in Moscow and many others.

Supervised third planning workshop of the Moscow Soviet (since 1935), then the first architectural design studio of the Moscow Soviet (since 1938), chair of design at the Institute of Postgraduate Academy of Architecture of the USSR. In 1939 elected a member of the Academy of Architecture.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, was evacuated from the Academy of Architecture of the USSR in Shymkent. Took part in a friendly competition to create projects-sketches of monuments dedicated to war (1942). Complied with the evacuation of a series of drawings and watercolors (Shymkent, Samarkand, Bukhara).

In 1943 he returned to Moscow, worked on projects of the postwar reconstruction of Stalingrad, Kiev, Smolensk (not implemented). In 1945 it became part of the State Architectural Board. In 1946 he held a solo exhibition at the House of Holtz architect in Moscow.

In 1946 he tragically died, struck by a car on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street in Moscow. He was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.

Holtz Memorial Exhibition held in 1947, 1948, 1951, 1963, 1968, 1973, 1984, 1986, 1993, in the House of the architect and the Museum of Architecture. Shchusev in Moscow. In 2006 the Pushkin Museum in them. Pushkin was organized a retrospective exhibition of works by Goltz.

Goltz belongs to the largest representatives of the Soviet architecture of the 1920's - 1940's. His artistic legacy is large enough. In the 1910's - 1920's, he worked mainly in magazines and easel charts, failing in his drawings very accurately convey the spirit of the time, whether it be futuristic architectural fantasies or 1910 x 1920 images, which captures the era of the NEP. The main theme of his works is the city: the everyday life of the streets, ceaseless motion of trams and cars, shop signs, glow lights, crowds of people rushing (series "Moscow twenties"), "reverse" side of the city ( "The capitalist world), expressive architecture (Journey to Italy "). In late 1920 he almost ceased to engage easel graphics, turning back to her just the evacuation in 1942-1943.

Projects Goltz, particularly the work of the 1940's, often referred to as the so-called "paper architecture", by utopian idea of generating the impression of monumental architectural fantasies.