GARTMAN, Viktor (Viktor-Эдуард) Alexandrovich

on 23 April (5 may) 1834 (St-Петербург) — on July 23 (August 4) 1873 (village Kireeva, Moscow province)

the Architect, draftsman, decorative artist-прикладного art and theatre

From the family doctor, a native of France. He was educated in Pazhesky cadet corps in St. Petersburg. He studied at the Imperial Academy of arts (1852-1861) as volnoprihodyaschim student of the architecture class. Awarded minor (1856) and large (1858) silver medals, and also a small gold for the program "Project exchange with warehouses, customs, harbour, etc." (1861) and a gold for the "Public library Project". They released the Imperial Academy of arts with the title of class artist 1-й degree and the right of a pensioner's travel abroad.

In 1861-1863 remained in St. Petersburg, where he studied the construction business. In 1863-1868 — pensioner of the Imperial Academy of arts in France; visited Germany, Switzerland, Italy. Carried out a large number of genre, landscape watercolors and sketches: "Street musicians," "Paris catacombs", "112-летняя the old woman in Limoges Cathedral", "Castle towers", "the Paris rag-picker," "the Tavern on the way to Tivoli", "Monk", "the Garden in the Tuileries," "Street in Montmartre", "Masquerade", "Fashion in France in 1866 году", "View of Florence", "the Scene in the Warsaw theatre". Cycle plot of Hartmann's watercolors became the basis for "Pictures at an exhibition" М. П. Мусоргского (1874).

In 1869 he returned to St. Petersburg. In 1870 "for his work on the all-Russian manufactory exhibition of" (draft of the main building and pavilions) was awarded the title of academician. In 1871 he moved to Moscow. Member of the Abramtsevo art circle.

One of the founders of neo-Russian style in architecture and decorative-прикладном art. Completed projects: interior home И. К. Мясникова (1850 — beginning 1860-х), playing house (1870) in St. Petersburg; the city gates to commemorate the assassination of Alexander II 4 апреля 1866 года to Kiev (1870; is not implemented); pavilion of the Military division and a temporary wooden Folk theatre to the Polytechnic exhibition in Moscow (1872), the printing А. И. Мамонтова in Moscow (1872) and "the Studio-мастерской" in the Abramtsevo estate (1872), pavilions of the Zoological gardens; Maritime Department of the Russian pavilion at the world exhibition in Vienna (1873). Engaged in the development of the architectural part of the monument "Millennium of Russia" М. О. Микешина (1862). Produced sketches of furniture (cabinets, showcases, tables), household items (boxes for watches "Hut on chicken legs", circles), lighting (chandeliers, lamps).

Performed covers of the magazines: "the Magazine for children" (St. Petersburg, 1862), "Tempik. Notes from the passer П. Ф. Погоссного" (St. Petersburg, 1862), cover and illustrations for the book "Grasshopper-музыкант" Я. Полонского (St. Petersburg, 1863), the title-page to the book "Pictures and posters of Russian leaders" (St. Petersburg, 1873).

he has Created sketches of scenery and costumes for performances of St. Petersburg theatres: "Trilby" Ю. Г. Гербера (1870, the Bolshoi theatre), "Ruslan and Lyudmila" М. И. Глинки, "jáchymov force" А. Н. Серова (both — 1871, Mariinsky theatre).

have Compiled a collection of samples of hand woven goods and embroidery; published by — "Russian ornament" (Moscow, 1873).

1860 — participated in exhibitions. Exhibited at the exhibitions of the Imperial Academy of arts in St. Petersburg (1860-1873, with interruptions), the world exhibition in Vienna (1873, gold medal).

Posthumous exhibition took place in St. Petersburg (1874).

Work is represented in many Museum collections, among them — of the State Russian Museum.

Sources:

1. Kondakov С. Н. Список Russian artists. For the anniversary directory of the Imperial Academy of arts. St. Petersburg, 1914. S. 312.

2. Artists of the peoples of the USSR. Biobibliographic dictionary. M., 1972, vol. 2. S. 418.