OREL (Smirnov) Boris

1792 (s Big Stobetskoe Orel province) - December 16, 1837 (St. Petersburg)

sculptor, graphic artist.

born in the family of a serf IB Smirnova. In 1809 he was sent to study the marble business in Moscow studio marble St.-P. Campioni, where he took the pseudonym Orlovsky - the place of birth. In 1816 he moved to St. Petersburg, entered the studio of the sculptor and marble products trader AP Triscornia, where he worked for six years. In 1821, commissioned by Ivan Martos transferred to the marble bust of Alexander I to the Stock Exchange, as well as comply with a bust of Alexander I, on its own model.

Martos drew the attention of Alexander I of talent Orlovsky. In 1822 the young sculptor was released from bondage and adopted in IAH, but studied at the Academy only three months, doing painting with plaster and copying of works of ancient sculpture. Already in 1823 by order of Alexander I, he was sent to a pensioner's trip to Rome for six years. In Rome, continued his education by B. Thorvaldsen. According to his model carved from a marble bust of Alexander I, who was placed in one of the halls of the Senate. Focused on portrait sculpture.

In 1829 he returned to Russia. Took part in the contest for monuments to Kutuzov and Mikhail B. Barclay de Tolly in front of Kazan Cathedral. In 1831, for completed works in Rome, "Paris" (1824), "Faun playing the fife" (1824-1826), "Faun and Bacchante" (1826-1828) was awarded the title of academician and appointed acting professor of sculpture. In 1831 the program received the title of professor "Ian Usmar, pausing bull. In 1836, approved at the rank of professor.

In 1832-1833 worked on the bronze statue of an angel for the Alexander Column. In 1834-1836 fulfilled the sculptural decoration of the Moscow Triumphal Gate, built by Stasov in St. Petersburg in memory of the victory in the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829.

Orlovsky - one of the greatest masters of sculpture of the first half of the XIX century in the early works (1820's) was a follower of classical aesthetic theory, drawing on themes of their works range from the idyllic images of ancient mythology. Was influenced by Thorvaldsen. His early style characterizes the plastic clarity, balance of forms, smooth contours, exquisite harmony of shapes, softness, delicacy of light and shadow modelirovok.

In late 1820 - early 1830's in the works of masters appeared romantic features. Thus, in the sculpture "Ian Usmar" convey the inner emotion and passionate impulse of the main hero, undaunted, swift movement. The creative way in that time has evolved, it became dominant in the active dynamic rhythm, picturesque chiaroscuro, the contrast form. New art Orlovsky compared with the works of his contemporaries (eg, SI Galberga) was a desire for historical truth and the life, and psychological development of images.

Orlovsky works are in major museum collections in Russia, including the State Russian Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery and others.