MARTYNOV Andrew Efimovitch

June 21, 1768 (St. Petersburg) - November 1, 1826 (Rome)

painter, graphic artist, set designer.

born in the family of a soldier of the Life Guards regiment. In 1773 he studied at the IAH in landscape class at Sam. Shchedrin. During the period of study repeatedly pointed medals: in 1787 received a small silver medal in 1788 - a large silver and small gold medals for "writing program." In the same year was released from the Academy with the certificate of degree 1 for the title of class artist and the pensioner's right to travel abroad for a period of 6 years.

in 1789 as a pensioner IAH went to Rome, worked under the leadership of the German landscape painter YA.-F. Hakkert. Advice of FM Matveeva. In 1795 he returned to St. Petersburg, made in Rome for landscapes is recognized as "designated" in academics. In the same year for the painting "View in the vicinity of Rome" was awarded the title of academician. In 1802 he was appointed to the post of Adviser IAH. In 1804 made a trip to Russia in 1805-1806 - a trip to China with the Russian Embassy Earl A. Golovkin. Performances during the visits of full-scale sketches created a series of etchings "Picturesque journey from Moscow to the Chinese border ..." (1808), a series of lithographs "Types of the peoples of Russia and Mongolia" (1808) and "Russian folk types" (1818). In 1810 traveled to the Baltic Sea in the retinue of the Empress Elizabeth Alekseyevna.

In 1808-1819 served as a decorator in the Directorate of Imperial Theaters. Together with Semyon Shchedrin created landscape paintings, panels and easel paintings for the decoration of palaces at Pavlovsk and Gatchina, Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg. In 1812 a petition on the "determination of his office at the Academy for training of landscape painting, which was denied.

in 1821-1822 performed on watercolors album of lithographs "Views of St. Petersburg and its environs", which printed his own. Also engaged in manufacturing of repetitions of its engravings and original lithographs based on travel: A Collection of Russian Costume "(1821-1822)," New Collection of Russian Costume "(1822)," Ball in Irkutsk (1821-1824), "The Mongolian subjects. From travels in Rossiyskom Embassy in China »(1822-1824).

In 1821 he retired. In 1824 left for treatment in Italy.

buried in the cemetery of Monte Testaccio in Rome.

Martynov - one of the greatest Russian landscape painters of the late XVIII - the first third of the XIX century, a brilliant draftsman and engraver. His work is at the junction of classicism and the nascent Romanticism. It is clearly evident features of "transitional" relationship to nature - from almost objectify to become more emotional, characteristic of artists predromanticheskogo period.

early works (before 1800) are distinguished artistic manner: the freedom of stroke or stroke. The artist often used juicy texture material (black chalk, charcoal), often painted on colored or tinted paper. Often this is some fantastic views ( "Landscape with a temple and a lake", 1790-e; Pyramid on the island (My tomb) ", around 1800), which lay at the basis of field observations.

1800-e in the work Martynov noted interest in the landscape species, widely developed in connection with the increased interest of Russian society in their country. Most telling in this regard, an album of drawings "Types of Eastern Siberia. Despite the proximity to the classic landscape scheme (closed composition, en echelon building space, etc.), it already feels a deep personal perception of nature. This watercolor is cutting in color, genre scenes, introduced for the recovery of landscapes, mostly static, staffazhny. However, in the best works of the artist still managed to convey the situation of everyday life organically and naturally. Works 1810's - 1820's poetic and lyrical, they are distinguished by a calm measured rhythm, balanced compositions, and "internal" monumental.

Martynov works are in many museum collections, including the State Russian Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery, Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin State Museum of History and others.