Gabo (Pevsner), Naum (Nehemiah, Nechama) Abramovich (B., Berkovich)

August 5, 1890 (Bryansk) - August 23, 1977 (Uoterberri, Conn., USA)

sculptor, painter, set designer, art theorist

Systematic arts education is not received. Studied at the gymnasium in Tomsk and Kursk. In 1910 he moved to Munich, where he studied medicine, natural sciences at the university, physics and mechanical engineering at the Polytechnic Institute. Simultaneously G. Wolfflin attended lectures in art history.

In 1912 he traveled to Italy, studied the art of old masters in Venice, Milan, Bologna and other cities. In 1913 and 1914 went to Paris, where he visited his brother Anton (Antoine) Pevsner - painter and sculptor. During the First World War he lived in his brother in Copenhagen, then Oslo. In those same years, began to insert itself into a sculpture, speaking under the pseudonym "Gabo".

In March 1917, together with his brother returned to Russia, he settled in Moscow. Was close VE Tatlin, Malevich, Rodchenko. In 1920, together with G. Klutsis arranged outdoor exhibition of sculpture at the Tver Boulevard and issued the "Realistic Manifesto, which outlined the" software "to install their art, in particular, defended the idea of" the depth and prosaic "as the unity of space and time, motion, and masses, but rejected the line size and color as a purely external, "picturesque" elements.

Engaged in easel and monumental sculpture, the designs of automobiles. In 1920, created the prototype of "Mobile" - a kinetic abstract sculpture, driven by an electric motor. Performed a series of transparent and translucent sculptures, structures with holes, the radio station project in Serpukhov, which developed the principles of "Realistic Manifesto».

In 1922 he went to Berlin, accompanied the first exhibition of Russian art, Soviet Russia has not returned. In Berlin, he joined the group "Style", led by T. Wang Duisburg and P. Mondrianom. Creatively in contact with the masters "Bauhauzha" L. Mies van der Rohe, V. Kandinsky, Klee, P., W. Gropius and others.

presented papers, participated in avant-garde exhibitions in Germany and Holland. In 1924, held in Paris gallery "Perseus exhibition" Russian Constructivists: Gabo, Pevsner ". In 1930, held his first solo exhibition "Constructivist plastic in Hanover.

In the late 1920's performed projects of monuments to the airport, the Institute of Physics and Mathematics, the project festive decoration of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. In 1931 participated in the competition for the project of the Palace of Soviets in Moscow.

as a theatrical decorator collaborated with entreprise Diaghilev, for which designed the ballet "Kitty" A. Gore.