"Gods, humans, heroes": the exhibition in the Hermitage from Naples and Pompeii
ARTinvestment.RU   19 апреля 2019

Today the Manege of the Small Hermitage Museum opens exhibition ""Gods, Men, Heroes." From the collection of the National archaeological Museum of Naples and the Archaeological Park of Pompeii", which represents more than 200 masterpieces of ancient art

the Exhibition in the Hermitage dedicated to the outstanding archeological discovery of world-famous Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum who died in the first century the eruption of Vesuvius.

the scale of the disaster shocked the entire ancient world: long thought extinct, the volcano destroyed all the surrounding cities and villas that are stopped in an instant. Tragically killed Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area, in Boscoreale, Oplontis, Stabia, buried under layers of volcanic ash, was prepared for a special destiny in the history of mankind — to save the descendants of the rich archaeological material.

the Exhibition "Gods, People, Characters" — ambitious project of the State Hermitage Museum, the National archaeological Museum of Naples and the archaeological Park of Pompeii, including more than 200 masterpieces of ancient art, among them works "papanskogo" the Hermitage. For the first time presented to the Russian audience world-known monuments of — murals, mosaics, sculptures of bronze and marble, exquisite works of decorative-прикладного of art, objects of everyday life, reflecting the religious side of Roman life and a high level of social-экономического development. Specially selected for the exhibition exhibits — unique glassware, bronzes, painted ceramic vessels, grouped display Windows, types, materials and their purpose, authentically recreating the habits of the Romans who lived 2000 years ago, their way of life and leisure, lifestyle — Roman modus vivendi, is unthinkable without a social life, attending theatrical performances and Gladiator fights.

the Main section of the exhibition dedicated to ancient mythological tradition, reflected in the mentality of the Romans themselves, their beliefs and representations about gods and heroes possessed superhuman, usually given to gods, powers, roles of various deities and their influence on the fate of the people; images and symbols mythology, embodied in the iconic works.

Among the exhibits, the marble "Head of Jupiter", originating from the Capitol, the main temple of Pompeii@the semicolon bronze statue of Apollo; fresco depicting Diana; marble sculpture of Venus from the house of Poppea in Oplontis, probably owned by the wife of the Emperor Nero the Sabine Poppei; marble relief with Aphrodite and Eros from the House of the Golden cupids in Pompeii; murals "Juno and Hebe," of Villa San Marco in Stabia, "Mars and Venus" from the Pompeian House of the wedding of Hercules, "Nereid on a sea-Panther" from the Villa Ariadne in Stabia (now in the National archaeological Museum), "Dionysus and Ariadne on Naxos" from the House of the Gold bracelet and "Thetis and Hephaestus" from Pompeii.

fine examples of fresco wall painting, "Hercules and omfala" Mark Lucrezia, "Hercules and ness" from the House of the Centaur in Pompeii, and "Hercules and Deianeira" out of the Villa Ariadne in Stabia, tell you about one of the most famous characters of ancient mythology, whose cult was widespread in the Roman Empire. The way the bravest of heroes, participant in the Trojan war Achilles is embodied in the paintings of the "Achilles on Skyros" and "Achilles and Briseida".

Popular subjects of wall paintings and mosaics included mythological scenes, battles of gladiators, sports, hunting, images of plants and animals, still lifes, and agricultural motives, and sometimes in a detailed and realistic portraits of the Romans themselves. Wall painting, using plaster to create relief effects found wide application in public buildings, private homes, temples, tombs and even in military structures of the Romans. Some of them were placed on a wall as if it were paintings in frames, others have taken the entire wall surface or, alternatively, a small place in the center panels surrounded by ornament. Usually these images are copied paintings of famous artists or imitated them, and at the disposal of the masters, there was a special directory in which they could guide the customer. Roman artists or, more likely, their clients preferred natural earth colours such as darker shades of red, yellow, brown. Blue and black pigments were also popular. The exhibition provides a great opportunity to see the diversity of techniques and styles of mural painting.

the Main merit of archaeological excavations Vesuviana cities and villas of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae — tangible evidence of the daily life of the ancient Romans, before almost unknown. In this respect, a special role is given to the exposition devoted to people, which presents sculptural and pictorial images of the Romans themselves, household items and leisure activities, everyday life, decorative elements of the interiors of Roman houses.

Female marble bust, sculpted male portraits, beautiful portrait of a woman, shown in profile, mosaic with a portrait of a Roman lady, the statue Alcone rufa allow us to represent the appearance of the noble Romans who lived in Pompeii in the first century BC

of Particular interest are four frescoes with scenes of the daily life of the Romans: "Trade pottery", "Sale fabric" "Read the edict, Punish the apprentice," originating from the estate of a rich Pompeii ladies of Julia Felix. In General terms, they tell us about events happening on the forum on a market day.

Specially selected for the exhibition exhibits show the objects associated with the life of wealthy Romans: bronze vessels for incense, high chandeliers for lighting the triclinium (room where the master of the house received her guests), water heater (samovar), with a tap in the head of a lion and three swans with outstretched wings on the edge of the burner; elements of interior decor, marble tables. One of the most unusual works in this section is safe from iron and bronze with a complex and original systems of closure, asa rule, located in the atrium of a Roman house. It also presents a masterpiece collection of the National archaeological Museum of Naples — glass "Blue vase", discovered in the necropolis of Pompeii in 1837.

a Separate section of the exhibition devoted to ordinary citizens. In the shop Windows displayed all kinds of instruments used in the first century ad, — scales, weights, pickaxes, axes, hoes, sickles, rakes. Attracts the attention of relief sign of limestone found in the House of a sailor, in Pompeii, with the image building tools: plumb, stone trowel, pliers, clamps, hammer, chisel, rulers, and other things.

About the passion of the Romans the theatre show marble relief with theatre mural "Actor with a mask", Akrotiri with the comic mask and the tragic mask of Pompeii... a Passion for a different kind spectacles were distributed and Gladiator fights. The Gladiator fights and their significant role in the minds of the Romans of the early Empire are reminiscent of the relief with battle scene of Gladiator and items of their uniforms: helmets, bronze knemidy and greaves to protect the legs.

More than 70 exhibits come from "Papanskogo" the State Hermitage collection, which resulted from close contacts between Russia and Naples throughout the nineteenth century and has more than 300 ancient artifacts from Pompeii and Herculaneum. Monuments of Vesuviana cities served by the signs of friendship of the Imperial house of Romanovs and the Kingdom of the two Sicilies. Pompeian antiquity had a profound impact on Russian culture and art. The exhibition includes not only the works presented in the permanent exhibition of the antiquity Department of the Hermitage, but shown for the first time objects from the Museum collections: the examples of Roman sculptures in marble and bronze works from ceramics, glass and bone.

the exhibition brochure "Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis, Stabiae. A brief sketch of the history and archaeology" by Alexander Butyagin; will soon come to light "Mural of the dead cities. Decorative-монументальная painting of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis" Yana Redlicki (Ed-во the State Hermitage Museum), authors — researchers of the Department of the Ancient world.

is Preparing for publication an illustrated catalogue in Russian language, "the Gods. People. Heroes", which includes the opening speech of the Director of the Hermitage Mikhail Piotrovsky.

Source: press-релиз the State Hermitage Museum



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