Kruchenykh Alexey Eliseevich
1886–1968  

KRUCHENYKH Alexey Eliseevich

February 21, 1886 (Olivsky, Kherson province) — June 17, 1968 (Moscow)

Graphic artist, poet, art and literary critic


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Кручёных, Алексей Елисеевич

Biography

KRUCHENYKH Alexey Eliseevich

February 21, 1886 (Olivsky, Kherson province) — June 17, 1968 (Moscow)

Graphic artist, poet, art and literary critic

Alexey Kruchenykh was born to a peasant family. He finished municipal three-year college in Kherson (1902). In 1902–1906 he studied in Odessa Art School. Kruchenykh worked as a teacher of drawing in the girls’ vocational school in Kherson (1906). In the same years he met the artist D. D. Burlyuk.

In 1907 he moved to Moscow. Kruchenykh worked as a caricaturist for the Budilnik (“Alarm”) magazine. He drew a series of travesties and caricatures of writers, scientists and artists All Moscow in Caricatures. In 1909 Kruchenykh participated in the art exhibition in St. Petersburg, where he got acquainted with E. G. Guro, M. V. Matyushin, and V. V. Kamensky.

In 1909 Krucheykh made his début as a prose writer, poet, newspaper satirist, essayist, art and literary critic. He published his literary works in Kherson newspaper Rodnoy Kray (“Native Land”) under his proper name or under pseudonym A. Gorelin.

Since 1910 Kruchenykh was an active member of the group Gileya (“Hylaea”). He wrote poems Game in Hell (1912, in co-authorship with V. V. Khlebnikov), Old-fashioned Love (1913); he took part in work on collection Slap in the Face of Public Taste (1913). Kruchenykh together with V. V. Mayakovsky published manifest of futurism with thesis “To Throw Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy... Overboard From the Ship of Modernity”. Since early 1910s Kruchenykh developed the principles of Zaum (“Transration” or “Beyonsense”), he created experimental language, which was beyond the mind and consisted from unknown words. This theory was formulated in collection The Word as Such (1913, in co-authorship with Khlebnikov) and realized in the poetry Dyr, bul, shchyl.

Kruchenykh published the collections of Zaum poetry Mirskontsa (“Worldbackwards”; 1912, together with Khlebnikov), Vzorval (“Explodity”), Pomade (both — 1913), Te li le (1914, with Khlebnikov), War, Universal War (both — 1916); literature researches Vypyt Lyubvi Turgeneva (“Extort of Turgenev’s Love”), Chort i Rechetvortsy (“The Devil and the Speechmakers”; both — 1913), Stikhi Mayakovskogo. Vypyt (“Poetry by V. Mayakovsky. Extort”; 1914). Kruchenykh wrote the opera Victory Over the Sun to music by Matyushin (1913). Kruchenykh designed a lot of futuristic editions; in particular he created illustrations, prints, and designs of covers.

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